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4

ellynu wrote

I'm gonna be that person who recommends reading Marx because it provides a bit of a different answer than the ones already given. (Plus its the answer I'd give anyways I guess :P)

The Communist Manfiesto is a good introduction. There's Capital. A Critique of Political Economy, (Volume 1 in particular was completed while he was alive) which is a bit large, but its pretty good and still incredibly relevant. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific talks about a distinction made in a lot of Marx and Engels' writing.

These writings use the terms socialism and communism interchangeably (as opposed to some of the other answers here) because of a fundamental difference in perspective. It's one that is talked about in the first and third writing I linked, and somewhat indirectly in the second.

5

ellynu wrote

Note that the critiques laid out in Capital in particular are fundamentally as true about the Soviet Union or the PRC as they are about the US, for example.